Help & Beginner's Guide

How to use every tool on the site and how to get a great print out of it — start to finish

What is a lithophane?

A lithophane is a 3D print that looks like a plain, pale panel in normal light — but reveals a detailed photo when you shine light through the back. It works because of thickness:

  • Thick areas block more light → they look dark.
  • Thin areas let more light through → they look bright.

This tool converts every pixel's brightness into a height, so dark parts of your photo print thick and bright parts print thin, then exports a printable STL for your slicer (Cura, PrusaSlicer, Bambu/Orca Studio, etc.).


What you'll need

Hardware
  • Any FDM 3D printer (Ender 3, Prusa, Bambu, etc.).
  • A standard 0.4 mm nozzle.
  • A backlight for viewing: LED panel, light box, window, or a low-heat LED/tealight.
Filament
  • White PLA is the classic choice — cheap and diffuses light beautifully.
  • Avoid translucent, sparkly, or dark colours — they ruin contrast.
  • Natural/ivory works too; pure white gives the best results.

Choosing a good photo

The photo matters more than any setting. Best results come from images that are:

  • High contrast with a clear subject (faces, pets, silhouettes).
  • Well lit, with the subject brighter than the background.
  • Not too busy — fine background clutter disappears when backlit.
  • Reasonably sharp, at least ~1000 px on the long edge.

If your photo is close but not quite there, the image editor below will crop it, straighten it and paint out whatever is spoiling it — before you make anything.


Editing your photo first

The Image Editor (under Tools) does the small fixes that make the difference, without sending you off to another program. It runs in your browser and your picture is never uploaded.

  • Crop tight. This is the big one. A lithophane samples a fixed grid whatever size you print it, so every pixel spent on background is detail not spent on the face. Cropping in is usually a bigger improvement than any slider on the generator page.
  • Straighten first, crop second. Rotating leaves the picture at an angle inside its rectangle; cropping afterwards is how you keep the framing you actually wanted.
  • Paint out distractions. A window or a lamp behind someone's head becomes the thinnest, brightest part of the finished print — it glows harder than the face does. Painting it a mid grey takes seconds and rescues the whole thing.
  • Erase to transparent for a cut-out. The eraser makes a real hole, not a white patch, which matters here: white is a colour a lithophane can print and transparent is not. Pairs well with the shape masks.
  • Clone stamp covers something with a patch of what sits beside it — the tidy way to remove a stray object rather than painting over it flat.

Leave brightness and contrast alone here. Every generator has its own image adjustments with a live brightness map beside them, and judging contrast against that map is far more reliable than judging it against the photo. Use the editor for what the generator cannot do — framing, rotation, and removing what should not be in the picture at all.


Quick start

  1. Upload a photo (clear subject, good contrast works best).
  2. Pick a style from the menu and a Quick Preset (start with High Detail or Balanced).
  3. Click Preview to see the original and the brightness map.
  4. Optionally choose a shape, a hanging hole, or a frame.
  5. Click Generate STL and open the file in your slicer.

Tip: always click Preview after changing settings so the output reflects your latest choices.


Show me how

Reading about a slider is slower than watching one move. Every lithophane generator, and several of the tools, has a Show me how button in the bottom-right corner: it walks you through one complete job inside the real tool, filling the fields in as it goes and explaining each one as it highlights it.

It is not a video. Nothing is simulated — it is driving the actual controls, so when it finishes you are holding a real result you can build and download. Press Skip at any point and everything it set stays where it is, ready for you to change.

It is on every lithophane generatorflat, cylinder and panel, cone, cube, lantern, globe, multi-photo and the lid & pedestal builder — and on QR Tag, Cookie Cutter and Image to STL.

If you have never used the site before, start with QR Tag: it needs no file from you, so it runs the whole way through by itself and you watch a finished tag appear. Where a step does need a picture, the walkthrough waits and the Next button lights up once you have chosen one.

The lid builder's walkthrough is worth doing before your first lid. It is built around printing a test ring first — five minutes that are the difference between a lid that fits and a four-hour one that does not.


Lithophane styles

  • Flat — a framed flat photo; supports shapes, hanging hole and frame.
  • Cylinder / Panel — wrap one photo around a full cylinder (lamp shade) or, by lowering the arc, a curved standing panel.
  • Cone — wrap a photo around a tapered lampshade. Set base Ø, top Ø and height (equal diameters = a straight cylinder).
  • Multi — 2–4 photos wrapped around a single cylinder.
  • Cube — 1–4 photos on the walls of a closed box (1 = all sides the same).
  • Lantern — 1–6 photos around a 3–12 sided lantern (photos repeat to fill faces).
  • Globe — 1–4 photos wrapped around a sphere (lamp with a bottom opening).
  • Lid & Pedestal — make a matching cap or base for any of the above.

Quick presets

  • High Detail — finest result (more triangles, larger file, slower). Best for portraits.
  • Balanced — good detail with a reasonable file size and speed.
  • Fast — quickest preview/print, lower detail. Good for testing.
  • Large Format — tuned for bigger prints.

Image adjustments

  • Contrast — increases the difference between light and dark; higher = more dramatic relief.
  • Brightness — shifts the whole image lighter or darker.
  • Gamma — fine-tunes mid-tones without crushing highlights/shadows.
  • Blur — smooths noise and speckles for cleaner prints.
  • Edge Enhance — sharpens fine detail (use sparingly).
  • Flip Horizontally — mirrors the image (useful depending on print orientation).

Tones & auto-optimise

A lithophane is only ever as good as its range of tones. The chart under your photo shows two things at once: the grey shape is your original photo, and the coloured shape is what your settings are actually doing to it. Drag brightness, contrast or gamma and the coloured shape moves while the grey one stays put, so you can see exactly what you are changing.

What you are looking for is a spread that reaches most of the way across without piling up hard against either end. Pushed up against the left, the dark parts have all merged into one solid black and no light will come through them. Piled against the right, the light parts have gone to plain white and the detail in them is simply gone — and no printer setting brings either back.

Optimise for lithophane does it for you: it reads the photo, then sets brightness, contrast and gamma to spread the tones across the range a lithophane can actually print. It is a good starting point on almost any photo, and you can carry on adjusting afterwards — it sets the sliders, it does not lock them.

A flat-looking histogram is not a bad photo. A misty landscape genuinely has few dark tones. Optimise will stretch it out, which is usually what you want in a lithophane — but if the result looks harsh, pull the contrast back a little. Your eye beats the chart.

Size & thickness

  • Width / Height (mm) — the physical size of a rectangular lithophane.
  • Maximum Thickness — thickness at the darkest areas (typ. 3–4 mm).
  • Minimum Thickness — thickness at the brightest areas (typ. 0.6–0.8 mm). Don't go below ~0.5 mm or light won't pass cleanly.
  • Base Height / Frame — solid base under the relief.
  • Mesh Subdivision — higher = smoother surface but bigger file and longer processing.

Shapes

Beyond a plain rectangle you can crop the lithophane to: Circle, Oval, Heart, Diamond, Hexagon, Octagon, Star, Rounded Rectangle, Arch, and Egg.

  1. Select a shape — a blue outline appears on the preview.
  2. Drag the shape on the preview to position it over the part of the photo you want.
  3. Set Shape Width / Height (mm) for the physical size.

The exported STL matches the on-screen shape exactly, and the edges are watertight (closed) so they slice cleanly.


Hanging hole

Tick Add hanging hole to punch a hole near the top — perfect for ornaments and keychains. Set the diameter and the distance from the top. Works with any shape except a plain Rectangle.


Raised frame / border

Tick Add raised frame to add a raised rim around the shape edge (shown as an orange dashed line on the preview).

  • Frame Width — how wide the rim is.
  • Frame Height — how tall the rim stands. It uses the same scale as relief thickness, so to make the border clearly stand proud of the photo, set it a bit higher than your Maximum Thickness.
  • Corner style — flat, beveled, or rounded profile (flat photos).

Two-colour prints

On the Flat generator, tick 🎨 Two-colour print (filament change) to print the base in one colour and the photo in another on a single-extruder printer. It shows the exact Z height to add a colour change in your slicer (PrusaSlicer/Orca: right-click the layer; Cura: Pause at height / Filament change) — load colour 1 first, swap to colour 2 at the prompt, and print standing up. For truly separate colour bodies on an AMS/MMU, use Send to 3D Designer, add a coloured backplate and export 3MF.


Previews

  • Brightness Map — shows where the print will be thick (dark) vs thin (light).
  • Backlit Preview — simulates how it will look with light shining through.
  • 3D Preview — an interactive, auto-rotating 3D view. Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom. It reflects the shape, hole, and frame. (Relief is slightly exaggerated so it's easy to see.)

Send to 3D Designer

On the photo generators (flat, cylinder, cone, cube, globe, lantern, multi) you'll see a Send to 3D Designer button next to Generate. It hands your finished lithophane straight into the in-browser 3D Designer so you can:

  • Add a frame, stand, base or hanging loop around it.
  • Combine it with other shapes, text or parts.
  • Lay it flat, check printability and export as STL / 3MF / OBJ.

Positioning your photo

Every generator used to centre your photo automatically and crop whatever did not fit, which is fine until the subject is not in the middle. The Align photo panel lets you place it yourself: drag the picture inside the crop box, scroll to zoom in. The bright area is what gets printed.

  • Set the size first. Width and height decide the shape of the crop, so changing them after you have framed the shot will move the framing.
  • Crop shape does the sums for you. Rather than working out millimetres, pick square, portrait, landscape, 5×7, 16:9 and so on. It changes the printed width and height to match, keeping the longest side you already set — so a 150×200 mm panel set to square becomes 200×200, not 150×150. The crop box is drawn from those dimensions, which is why it has to work this way: reshaping the box on its own would show you a crop the printer never makes. It appears on the flat maker, which is the one whose print is a single rectangle you choose the proportions of. The wrap-around shapes — cylinder, cone, globe, lantern — have no crop box to reshape, and the cube takes its proportions from the box dimensions instead.
  • Preview size changes the editor, not the print. Drag it bigger for fiddly framing, or smaller if the panel does not fit your screen. It is remembered in your browser, so you set it once. Nothing about the model changes.
  • You can type the numbers. X and Y run from −1 (hard left or top) through 0 (centred) to +1 (hard right or bottom), with zoom from 1× to 4×. Useful when you want two tags framed identically.
  • Leave it alone and nothing changes. Untouched, the crop is exactly the centred one the tools have always produced.
  • On the multi-photo makers — cube, lantern, globe, multi-cylinder — the Which photo selector chooses which one you are positioning.
Position is stored as a proportion rather than in millimetres, which is what lets the same framing be re-applied to a completely different photo later. That is what makes Replace photo in a saved project work.

My Projects & templates

If you make the same personalised product over and over, this is the part of the site that saves you the most time. Set a job up once — size, thickness, frame, text, base, and the photo framing — then press Save. Opening it later brings back the finished job, photo included.

For the next customer: open the project, press Replace photo, pick the new picture. Everything else stays exactly where it was, including the framing. Change the engraved name if there is one, and generate.

  • Save updates the project you have open; Save as new always makes another one. There is a duplicate button on every row as well.
  • Tick Reusable template for the ones you start from repeatedly — they sort to the top of the list and are badged.
  • Projects are listed per tool, so the ones you made on the cube maker do not clutter the flat maker. Cylinder and Panel keep separate lists, because they are different products.
  • Your photos are private to your account, and deleting a project deletes its photos with it. Making a lithophane still never uploads your picture — that only happens when you choose to save it to your account, either with a project or by turning on the media gallery in your account settings, which is off unless you switch it on.
Free accounts keep a few saved projects; Supporters have no limit. Updating a project you already saved is never blocked, only creating a new one, so you can always keep working on what you have.


Settings file

Click Save Settings (.txt) to download a text file listing every setting used (size, thickness, shape, hole, frame, image adjustments, etc.). Keep it next to your STL so you can reproduce or tweak a print later.


Free & Supporter

Everything here is free to use — every lithophane shape, every tool and the full 3D Designer. Building, previewing and editing are never limited. A free account is needed to download files, and there are a few downloads a day.

  • Free (registered): 2 lithophane downloads per day, 2 3D print tool exports per day and 2 3D Designer exports per day. The three are counted separately, so using the print tools never eats into what you can export from the Designer. The AI model generator is locked.
  • Building and previewing is always free. On the 3D print tools — Image to STL, Text to STL, Engrave, the image editor, the converter and the rest — you can try settings and spin the preview as much as you like. A daily export is only counted when you download. The same is true in the 3D Designer: modelling, saving a design and sharing it cost nothing, and only exporting a file counts.
  • 50 MB of media gallery storage if you switch the gallery on, which is a few hundred photos at the size they are stored. Supporters have no limit.
  • Calibration & test prints are completely free — they never use a daily export. (A free login is still needed to download, like any STL on the site.)
  • Supporter: a voluntary donation unlocks unlimited lithophanes, unlimited tool and Designer exports, and the AI 3D model generator for 30 days. See the Supporter page for details — it's what keeps the site running and free for everyone.

Refer a friend

Every account has a referral link, on Your account. Send it to somebody who prints. When they register with it and confirm their email address:

  • You get 5 days of Supporter.
  • They start with 2 days.

Days are added on top of any Supporter time you already have — they extend it, never shorten it. The link carries the code for them, and there is a box on the registration form for anyone who was given a code on paper instead.

What the free days include

Nearly everything Supporter unlocks: unlimited lithophanes, unlimited tool and Designer exports. The one difference is the AI 3D model generator — Supporter time earned through referrals includes 2 AI generations in total, which is enough to see what it does. Paying for Supporter lifts that to 10 a day.

Why the difference: every AI generation costs us money to run, which is exactly the sort of thing that gets abused if it is handed out for signing people up. The rest costs nothing to give away, so it is not capped.

The rules, plainly
  • Nothing counts until the email is confirmed. Registering is not enough.
  • One payout per person, for ever. A friend can only ever be counted once, however many times a link is clicked.
  • You cannot refer yourself — not with your own code and not with your own email address.
  • Two accounts opened on the same connection at the same time do not count. If you and a family member genuinely sign up months apart on the same home line, that is fine.
  • Up to 10 a month.

Your account page lists everyone who has joined on your link, the days you have earned, and how many of this month's 10 are used. If one did not count, it says so and gives the reason, rather than leaving you to guess where the days went.


Gallery: show your prints

The Gallery on the main menu is where members show what they have printed. Anyone can look, and clicking a picture shows it full size. Post your own from your account page: every post that is approved adds 1 day of Supporter to your account.

  • A picture or a short video. JPG, PNG or WebP up to 5 MB, or an MP4 or WebM clip up to 25 MB.
  • Say what it is. A title, and if you like a few words about it — the filament, the layer height, who it was for. Bold, italic, links and lists work; anything else is taken out.
  • A person checks every post before it appears. Nothing shows straight away, and that is not a fault — it is in the queue. The Supporter days arrive when it is approved, not when you upload.
  • Up to 10 a month. Every post counts toward that, including one that is not approved, and the count starts again on the first of the month.

Your account page lists everything you have posted and where each one is: Waiting, In the gallery, or Not used with the reason if one was given. The public page shows your name next to a post, never your email address.


Your account page

Your account — the gear icon at the top right once you are signed in — opens with where you stand: your plan, and if you are a Supporter, the date it runs to. Under that are four figures: Supporter days left, days earned from referrals, and how many of your gallery posts are in the gallery or waiting to be approved.

Everything else is in panels underneath: your referral link and who has joined on it, your payments, the media gallery switch, posting to the Gallery, the Wall of Supporters, and your password.


Accessories

Accessories lists the bits that finish a lithophane off — LED bases, charging ports, stands and frames. It is a catalogue, not a shop: nothing is bought on this site, there is no basket to pay from and no card is ever asked for. Every price is an estimate in US dollars and excludes postage, because the real figure depends on size, material and where it is going.

  • Two ways to look at it. Grid is one product per row — small photo, description, package size and price side by side, which is the quickest way to compare. Gallery gives each product a large photo, two across, for browsing by picture. The page always opens in Grid.
  • Search narrows the list as you type, matching the title, the description and the package size. Every word has to appear somewhere, so “stand oak” finds the oak stand whichever order you type it in.
  • Click a photo to see it full size.
  • Package size says how a product is sold — “5 pieces per pack”, “sold singly”. Where it is blank, ask.

Wanting something that is not listed — a different size, a finish, a quantity — is fine. Say so in the notes on either form below.


Asking for a price

There are two ways to ask, and which you want depends on how many things you are asking about.

One product — Enquire

Enquire on any product opens a short form. No account needed. Give your name, email and where it would ship to, add anything useful in the notes, and it comes to us by email.

Several products — Add to quotation

Add to quotation collects products into one request instead of sending a separate enquiry for each. Add as many as you like, set a quantity against each one, then send the lot together from the Quotation page.

  • This one needs a free account. A quotation gets built up over more than one visit, so it has to be kept somewhere — and that means an account. It is kept on the account rather than in the browser, so a list started on a laptop is still there on a phone. Registering is free.
  • The Quotation link appears in the menu with a count as soon as there is something on it, and goes away again when there is not.
  • The estimated total adds up the products that have a listed price. Anything marked price on enquiry is counted separately and said so plainly, rather than being quietly treated as free.
  • Sending gives you a reference like Q260908-K4XP. Quote it if you reply about the same request later.
The delivery address

Both forms ask the same thing, and the country is required — postage cannot be worked out without it. Choose the country and the state or province list fills in for that country; choose a state and the city list fills in for that state. Countries that have no states in the list simply let you type it instead.

The city list holds towns and cities, not suburbs, so if yours is not there put it in the notes along with the postal code — that is the field couriers actually price on.


Image to STL

Image to STL traces the outline of a picture and pulls it up into a solid shape. Drop in a PNG, JPG, WebP or SVG and pick one of three styles:

  • Solid shape — the outline extruded straight up. Keychains, badges, magnets, cookie stamps.
  • Raised on a plate — the artwork standing proud of a backing plate, with a border and rounded corners you choose. Signs and wall art.
  • Stencil — the artwork cut out of a plate, to spray or paint through.

Contrast is everything. A black-on-white logo traces perfectly; a photograph of a person does not, because there is no single brightness that separates them from the background. Photographs belong in the lithophane generators, which use every grey level instead of one cut. Transparent PNGs are the easiest input of all — the cut-out edge is already exact, so the threshold barely matters.

Watch for floating pieces. The middle of an “O” is only held in place by the paper in the original drawing. In a stencil it drops out — the tool counts them and tells you before you print — and in a solid shape it prints as a separate island.

Text to STL

Text to STL turns typed text into a printable model: name plates, door signs, keyring tags, fridge magnets and spray stencils. It uses any font installed on your computer — pick from the list or type a font name — with bold, italic, letter spacing, multiple lines and alignment.

Sizes are measured on the letters themselves, not on the font's invisible box, so 20 mm tall means 20 mm tall whichever font you choose. With more than one line, that height covers the whole block.

Add a hanging hole for a keyring or hook and the plate grows to make room for it, so the border you set around the lettering stays exactly as you set it.

Thin strokes are the whole problem with printed lettering. A slicer cannot print a line narrower than about two extrusion widths, so it silently drops it and the letter comes out with pieces missing. The preview marks those parts in red before you waste an hour. The fixes, in the order they work: make the text bigger, tick Bold, or pick a font with less contrast between its thick and thin strokes. Fine serif and handwriting fonts are the usual casualties — a geometric sans survives at sizes where Times falls apart.

Engrave & emboss

Engrave & Emboss puts a name, logo or picture onto a model you already have — cut into the surface, or raised out of it. Load an STL, choose text or a picture, pick which face it goes on, then drag it into place on an outline of your own model.

  • The depth follows the surface. 0.8 mm deep means 0.8 mm everywhere — on a cylinder or a sphere just as much as on a flat panel.
  • Only the face you pick is touched, so the artwork will not come through mirrored on the back.
  • Engraved text usually reads better than embossed on a print, because the recess casts a shadow. Emboss when the surface will be sanded or painted afterwards.
  • 0.6–1 mm is plenty of depth. Deeper is rarely more legible and takes longer.
The whole model is rebuilt, not just the cut. That is the price of working this way: the surface is re-created at the Detail resolution you choose, so sharp edges soften very slightly and the triangle count — and the file size — goes up. Detail sets the size of the entire file, so raise it only until the lettering looks right. If your model is mostly flat panels and the edges must stay exact, engrave it in the 3D Designer instead.

Print on fabric

Print on Fabric makes lace cards — wedding invitations, place cards, RSVPs — by printing a pattern onto tulle, organza or chiffon. It gives the laser-cut look without a laser cutter, and without the connecting bridges a cut-out design normally needs.

The print runs in two halves. A few tenths of a millimetre go down first, the printer pauses and parks, you lay the fabric over the top and pull it taut, and then the rest prints over it. Plastic squeezes through the weave and welds to the plastic below, trapping the fabric in a sandwich.

  • The grip is mechanical, not glue. That is why it only works with an open weave — tulle, organza, netting. Nothing can grip through a dense fabric like cotton or felt.
  • Floating pieces are allowed, unlike everywhere else on this site. A leaf touching nothing still prints, because the fabric is holding it.
  • The page writes the pause for you. Download the G-code and the stop is already at the right layer, with the head parked where you can reach it — that is the part that is fiddly to set up by hand.
  • Fabric must be drum-taut. Magnets on a steel sheet, or tape well outside the print. Any wrinkle is one the nozzle will catch.

Five lace patterns are built in and all of them are adjustable, or bring your own artwork and add names and a date. Expect to lose a couple while you find the right fabric tension — print a small place card first rather than a full invitation.


Gridfinity bins & baseplates

Gridfinity is an open storage standard: bins on a 42 mm grid that drop into matching baseplates, so a bin you print today sits in a plate you printed last year, or one somebody else made. It is the tidiest answer there is to a drawer full of loose parts.

Start with the space, not the bin. Measure the drawer, type the two figures into Have a space to fill? and press Fit. It rounds down to whole grid units and tells you what is left over — because a bin three millimetres too wide is no use to anyone.

What to make
  • Bin — the box things go in. Choose how many units across, deep and tall.
  • Baseplate — the tray of sockets the bins drop into, which is what stops them sliding about.
  • Lid — a cover that drops into a bin's stacking lip. The bin it goes on needs that lip ticked.
  • Vase — the same bin printed as a spiral. See below, it works differently.
Inside the bin
  • Compartments — split it into a grid of smaller pockets.
  • Pocket shape — rectangular, round for jars and tape, hexagonal for sockets and nuts, or a rounded slot for drill bits, dowels and pens. The bin stays a standard Gridfinity rectangle whichever you pick.
  • Label tab — a shelf across the opening to write on or stick a label to. Its underside is 45°, so it needs no supports.
  • Finger scoop — a ramp at the front, so a flat thing slides out instead of being picked at with a fingernail.
  • Stacking lip — lets another bin sit on top. It thickens the wall a little, which is what the lip needs to sit on.
  • Solid blank — no cavity at all, for carving your own shape into.
Holding it down

The published standard asks for a hole at all four corners of every grid unit — all four, so the bin holds whichever way round you drop it in. Tick magnet holes for 6×2 mm discs, or screw holes for M3. There are two fits: glued in, or pressed in with a tighter bore and no glue — the press fit wants a printer that is in tune, so if a magnet will not go, print the glued size rather than forcing it.

A screw hole is deeper than a plain bin's floor. Asking for one raises the floor so the screw does not come out inside the bin, and the bin holds a little less. The generator tells you the new figure before you print. A baseplate has the same problem the other way round — as it comes it is an open frame with nothing under the sockets, so asking for magnets grows a solid bottom for them to sit in.
Free size

A drawer that is not on any grid can have a plain box in exact millimetres instead. It is clearly labelled as leaving the standard, and it drops the foot — a foot that does not line up with the grid cannot sit in a baseplate, and a part that looks Gridfinity without being it would be worse than one that plainly is not.

Print one bin and one 1×1 baseplate first and check the fit before committing to a drawerful. Every printer is a little different and there is only 0.5 mm of clearance to play with. If it is tight, the culprit is nearly always elephant's foot — the squash on the first layer — and most slicers have a setting for it. Every dimension is written up here, straight out of the generator.

Vase-mode bins

A vase-mode bin is printed as one continuous spiral of a single wall: no layer changes, no infill, no retractions, the nozzle never stops moving. That is where the time saving comes from.

A spiral cannot change its outline's height partway round, which is exactly what the chamfered foot needs — so it comes as two files. The body is spiralled; the foot is printed normally and glued on. They are separate downloads because a slicer's spiral vase setting applies to the whole plate, and putting both on the bed together would print the foot hollow too. The file names tell you which is which.

  1. Set the nozzle diameter first. The spiral draws a wall exactly that wide whatever you model, and the base is built to fit it.
  2. Download both parts.
  3. Slice the body with spiral vase on and no bottom layers. Use a brim — a thin open outline has very little holding it to the bed.
  4. Slice the base normally, then glue the two together.
It is not the filament saving people expect. A Gridfinity bin is mostly a solid base already, and vase mode cannot change that — only the walls above it. A 12-unit bin comes out around a quarter lighter; a 3-unit one is heavier than printing it normally. Worth it for tall bins, not for short ones. The measured figures are here.

Stands, easels & lids

A curved panel will not stand up on its own, and a cylinder lithophane over a lamp usually wants something on top. Lids, stands & frames makes all three.

  • Lid — a cap that sits on top of a cylinder or lantern, so you are not looking down into a lit tube.
  • Stand — a slotted base that a flat or curved panel drops into. Give it the panel's thickness and it cuts the slot to suit.
  • Easel — a folding back leg, the way a photo frame stands. Takes less filament and less bed than a stand, and leans the panel back so it catches the light.

Set the panel's width and thickness and the holder is built around them. Print with the slot facing up so it needs no supports.


Cookie & clay cutter

Cookie & Clay Cutter turns a picture into a cutter. Feed it a bold silhouette — a leaf, a letter, a gingerbread man, a logo — and it builds a wall that follows the outline. The preview is a plan view: blue is the blade, tan is the biscuit you will actually cut.

  • Where the wall sits matters more than it sounds. Outside the line keeps the biscuit the same size as your picture and is almost always the right answer. On or inside the line make it progressively smaller.
  • The bottom is thinner on purpose. A wall of even thickness squashes dough rather than cutting it, so the last couple of millimetres taper to a fine edge and widen into the body above.
  • The rim is for pressing on. A wider flange at the top stops a tall cutter flexing under your hand. It has to be wider than the wall to do anything.
  • Print it standing up, exactly as generated. No supports, no raft — it is a vertical wall, so it prints as a continuous spiral of perimeters.
Thin necks are where cutters lose detail. Wherever your shape is narrower than about twice the wall width, the two sides of the wall meet and fill in solid. It still cuts, but that detail is gone. Scale the whole cutter up rather than thinning the wall — and remember dough spreads in the oven, so fine detail disappears there too. Bold shapes beat intricate ones.
Food-safe practice, not just food-safe filament. PLA is fine for cutting dough, but layer lines hold residue. Wash by hand in cool water — a dishwasher will warp PLA — and treat a printed cutter as a tool with a limited life.

QR tag & keyring

QR Tag & Keyring turns a link into a printable tag — a menu, a wedding photo album, a business card, or a label on the back of a lithophane pointing at the pictures behind it. Add a line of raised text above or below, and either a round hole for a keyring or a keyhole hanger for a wall.

The geometry is the easy part. Two things decide whether a printed QR code actually scans, and the page checks both for you:

  • The squares have to be big enough for your nozzle. Below roughly two extrusion widths per square the printer smears the pattern and no amount of error correction rescues it. The page tells you the millimetres per square for the code you have actually generated — which changes with the length of your link and the error correction level, not just with the tag size.
  • A scanner reads light and dark, not height. This is the one that catches people out: a raised code in a single colour relies on shadow alone and many phones simply refuse it. Change filament at the height the page gives you — light plate, dark squares — and it reads every time.

Scan the on-screen preview with your phone before you print. If it will not read on a screen, it will not read in plastic, and finding out there costs nothing.

A shorter link makes an easier code. Running your address through a URL shortener can drop the code two or three versions, which means noticeably bigger squares on the same size tag — usually a better fix than making the tag bigger. Do not trim away the clear border round the code, either: it is part of the specification and it is already included in the size shown.

Save filament on any STL

The 3D Print Tools (under Tools in the menu) take any STL — not just lithophanes — and remove material from the inside, so it prints faster and uses far less filament. A solid model is usually mostly wasted plastic.

Two things worth knowing before you start:

  • Nothing is uploaded. The whole conversion happens inside your browser, on your machine. Your model never leaves your computer.
  • Set the size first. Every measurement afterwards — wall thickness, hole size, strut thickness — is in millimetres on the finished model, so scaling later would change what those numbers mean.

Because it runs on your own machine, a very large or very detailed model needs a reasonably modern computer. If a setting would produce something too big to build, the tool says so and suggests what to change rather than freezing.


Which mode to pick

ModeWhat it doesGood for
Hollow shell Keeps only the outer skin at a wall thickness you choose. The biggest saving. Vases, statues, anything you never see inside.
Perforated Hollow, then punches a pattern of round holes through the skin. Lampshades and anything that should let light or air through.
Hex frame Turns the skin into a honeycomb of hexagonal cells that follows the shape. A strong, light, decorative cage. Looks hexagonal from every angle, not just one.
Lattice infill Fills the inside with a gyroid, Schwarz-P or diamond lattice. Parts that must stay stiff. Self-supporting, so it prints without supports.
Wireframe Reduces the model to struts along its edges, with balls at the joints. Sculptural, skeletal versions of a shape. The largest saving of all.

Settings that matter most: wall thickness (1.2–2 mm suits most FDM prints — thinner walls warp), and a drain hole if you print in resin or SLS, so trapped material can escape. Higher resolution captures finer detail but uses more memory and time.


Rotating a model

STL files carry no agreed "up" direction, so a model exported from some programs arrives lying on its side. Under the Original model preview you'll find Rotate model with X, Y and Z boxes, quick +90° buttons and a Reset.

The rotation is applied to the real file, not just the picture — so what you see in the preview is what gets converted or sliced. Orientation matters for printing too: see Orientation below.


Print doctor

The Print Doctor answers the question worth asking before you start a six-hour print: will this actually work? Load an STL, tell it your nozzle's limits, and it checks four things.

CheckWhat it finds
Watertight Holes in the surface, edges shared by more than two faces, faces pointing the wrong way, stray pieces and zero-area triangles.
Wall thickness A colour map of everything too thin for your nozzle to print, measured with the largest sphere that fits inside the wall — so it is honest about thin diagonal ribs.
Overhangs Every surface that will need support, shaded by how far it leans. Anything already resting on the plate is sensibly left out.
Orientation Tries a few hundred ways up and shows the best three, with how much support each one saves. One click fills in the rotation boxes.

There are two repairs. Quick fix removes junk triangles and makes every face agree which way is out — it moves no vertex, so sharp edges stay sharp. Rebuild re-creates the surface from scratch, which resolves tangled and overlapping geometry, at the cost of re-meshing everything.

No tool can close a real hole — including this one. Working out what is solid means filling the model from the outside in, and a hole lets that fill straight through, so there is no inside left to find. Software can guess a patch, but it is a guess about a shape you know and it does not. The Print Doctor tells you instead of guessing: patch the hole in the 3D Designer and check it again.

Print simulator

The 3D Print Simulator slices an STL the way your printer would and shows you the result before you commit any filament. Walls are drawn in orange, infill in blue, and you can drag the slider or press play to watch it build up layer by layer.

Set your own layer height (0.2 mm is the usual default), nozzle diameter (0.4 mm on most printers), number of perimeters, infill percentage and bed size. It reports the estimated print time, filament length and weight, and warns you if the model does not fit your bed. You can download the G-code at the end.

Use it as a preview, not a replacement for your slicer. It has no supports, brim or raft, and the time estimate is approximate because it does not model your printer's acceleration. For a real print, slice in Cura, PrusaSlicer or Orca — this is for checking a model and comparing settings quickly.

Calibration prints

Most printing problems are the printer, not the model. Calibration & Test Prints generates seventeen tuning models sized to your printer, with the values printed on them so you can read the result afterwards — no more counting bands to work out which floor was 210 °C. Each one also explains what a good result looks like and which setting to change.

New printer? Work down this list in order. Each test depends on the ones before it — a retraction test on a printer with a bad first layer is wasted filament.

  1. First layer patches — squares at the corners and centre of the bed. Get this right before anything else.
  2. Dimensional accuracy — a cross with long arms, which turns a small percentage error into something calipers can actually read.
  3. Elephant's foot gauge — how much the first layers bulge outwards.
  4. Temperature tower — the single biggest quality lever for a new filament.
  5. Flow cube — measure one wall with calipers to set your extrusion multiplier.
  6. Retraction test — last, because stringing is usually temperature rather than retraction.

The rest are for chasing a specific problem: overhang angles and bridging to find your printer's limits, clearance and hole size gauges for parts that have to fit together, thin walls and small features for how fine you can go, support gap for supports that snap off cleanly, plus a warping plate, a cooling spire, a text legibility ladder and the XYZ cube. Change one thing at a time, and print each test with the settings you actually use.


Filament calibration — the one that changes your lithophanes

Two rolls of white PLA can be very different things. One lets light through at 2 mm; the other is still glowing at 4 mm. That is the single biggest reason a lithophane comes out muddy on one roll and washed out on the next, and no amount of adjusting the photo fixes it — because the fault is in the translation from tone to thickness, not in the photo.

Filament calibration measures it once, per roll:

  1. Print the strip. It is small — a few minutes and almost no filament — and prints as a staircase of known thicknesses, thin at one end and thick at the other.
  2. Hold it up to the light you will actually display the lithophane with. Not a window, if the lithophane is going on a lamp.
  3. Find three steps and note the thickness written on each:
    • the last washed-out step — the thickest one still too bright to show any detail;
    • the first solid-black step — the thinnest one already too dark to show any;
    • and the step that looks half-way between them.
  4. Type them in and save the profile under the filament's name.

The first two set the range — how thin is as bright as it gets, how thick is as dark. The middle-grey one is optional but it is the one that does most of the work: it bends the curve, so the mid-tones land where your eye expects instead of bunching towards black. Leave it out and the correction is a straight line between the two ends, which is better than nothing but not by as much.

From then on, every lithophane you generate with that profile selected is corrected for that filament. Mid greys land where your eye expects them instead of bunching towards black. Save one profile per roll — per colour and per brand — and switch between them.

Do it once and it pays for itself. An unmeasured filament is treated as neutral, which is a reasonable guess and nothing more. One five-minute strip turns that guess into a measurement — and it is the difference between reprinting a portrait three times and getting it right first go.

Slicer settings (the important bit)

Open the STL in your slicer. These settings make or break a lithophane:

SettingRecommendedWhy
Layer height0.10 mm (0.08 mm best)Thin layers = smooth tones and fine detail.
Line width0.4 mmMatches the nozzle; crisp walls.
Infill100%Any gaps let light leak unevenly. Must be solid.
Print speedSlow — 30–40 mm/sCleaner walls, better detail.
SupportsUsually noneUpright panels and curved walls are self-supporting.
Cooling / fan100%Good cooling sharpens fine relief.

Many slicers include a "Lithophane" profile, but the table above is all you really need.


Orientation on the plate

  • Flat photos: print standing up vertically (like a picture frame), image facing front — smoothest tones, no supports.
  • Cylinder / Cone / Multi / Globe: print upright as modelled — curved and tapered walls self-support (a cone leans only slightly).
  • Cube: print upright (open top and bottom) so all walls form cleanly.
  • Add a brim if a tall, thin print wobbles or won't stick.

Lighting & display

  • Use a diffuse, even backlight — an LED light box or panel is ideal.
  • Cooler/neutral white light shows the most contrast.
  • For lamps (cylinder, cube, globe) use a low-heat LED — never a hot/incandescent bulb (PLA softens with heat).
  • The hanging hole option turns any flat shape into an ornament or keychain.

Troubleshooting

ProblemLikely cause & fix
Washed out / low contrastIncrease Contrast and Max Thickness; pick a punchier photo; use whiter filament.
Too dark when litLower Max Thickness or raise Brightness/Gamma; use a stronger backlight.
Light leaks / blotchy glowSet infill to 100% — it isn't fully solid.
Visible layer bandingSmaller layer height (0.08–0.10 mm) and slower speed.
Image mirrored / back-to-frontUse Flip Horizontally, or flip in your slicer.
Generation slow / file hugeLower Mesh Subdivision or use the Balanced/Fast preset.
Nothing happens on GenerateClick Preview first so a brightness map exists.
Won't stick / wobblesAdd a brim, clean the bed, check first-layer levelling — then print the first layer patches.
Slicer refuses the file, or fills the wrong bitsThe mesh is probably not watertight. Run it through the Print Doctor, which will name the fault and often fix it.
Thin details or lettering missing from the printThey are narrower than your nozzle can draw, so the slicer drops them. The Print Doctor maps them in colour; scale the model up or thicken those parts.
Rough, droopy undersidesOverhangs printing without support. Check the angles in the Print Doctor and let it suggest a better orientation.
Stringy, blobby or brittle prints in generalNot the model — the printer needs tuning. Work down the calibration prints in order.

Quick-start recipe (can't-go-wrong)

  • White PLA, 0.4 mm nozzle
  • Flat photo, ~100 × 150 mm, Max thickness 3 mm, Min thickness 0.8 mm
  • Layer height 0.10 mm, 100% infill, speed 35 mm/s, fan 100%, no supports
  • Print standing upright, image facing forward
  • View with an LED light box behind it